概括地說，雄激素助長蛋白質的合成及擁有雄激素受體的組織的生長，睪酮的效用可以分為合成代謝及雄性化效應。合成代謝效應包括肌肉質量及力量的增長、增加骨質密度及強度、刺激線性生長及骨骼成熟等。雄性化效應則包括性器官的成熟（尤其是陰莖及胎兒陰囊的生成）、出生後（通常是在青春期）聲線的轉沉、鬍鬚及體毛的生長等。這些效應一般都是男性的第二性徵。

Ovarian or testicular tumors: Androgen-manufacturing ovarian and testicular tumors can release surplus testosterone.

維持性慾及勃起次數（濫用補充劑可能會導致疼痛性陰莖異常勃起、和性慾亢進）

陰莖根（阴茎脚 · 阴茎球 · 襻状韧带 · 悬韧带） · 阴茎体（陰莖海綿體 · 尿道海绵体） · 龟头（包皮 · 包皮繫帶 · 冠狀溝） · 筋膜（阴茎皮下组织 · 布克氏筋膜） · 白膜 · 隔片）

If any of such organs — your hypothalamus, pituitary gland or gonads — aren’t working Usually, that could cause abnormal testosterone levels.

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层次（皮肤 · 肉膜 · 精索外筋膜 · 提睾肌／提睾肌筋膜 · 精索内筋膜 · 会阴缝）

虽然雄性激素常被认为仅是男性的性激素，但女性亦会产生雄性激素，只是数量较低，负责性欲与性唤起。雄性激素也是男女体内雌性激素的前体。

成年男子不论服用或施打多少睾酮都无法再次促使阴茎的成长与发育（相反的，错误的使用激素，将可能造成体内原生激素紊乱，将无法自行生成使睾丸及阴茎萎缩，衍生出其他生殖系统疾病）

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): This can be a hormonal imbalance that has an effect on individuals with ovaries. It transpires in the event the ovaries build excessive androgens (testosterone). This imbalance in reproductive hormones results in Actual physical symptoms like surplus system hair and pounds attain.

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Anabolic results include expansion of muscle mass mass and energy, greater bone density and strength, and stimulation of linear advancement and bone maturation.

Sexual arousal and masturbation in Females create little increases in testosterone concentrations.[sixty five] The plasma degrees of various steroids considerably increase after masturbation in Guys plus the testosterone amounts correlate to These amounts.[sixty six]